Reduced inequalities
Reduce inequality within and among countries
It is well documented that income inequality is on the rise, with the richest 10 percent earning up to 40 percent of total global income. The poorest 10 percent earn only between 2 and 7 percent of total global income. In developing countries, inequality has increased by 11 percent if we take into account the growth of the population.
These widening disparities are a call for action that requires the adoption of sound policies to empower the bottom percentile of income earners and promote economic inclusion of all regardless of sex, race or ethnicity.
Income inequality is a global problem that requires global solutions. This involves improving the regulation and monitoring of financial markets and institutions, encouraging development assistance and foreign direct investment to regions where the need is greatest. Facilitating the safe migration and mobility of people is also key to bridging the widening divide.
SDG 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
Indicator : 10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
Data Providers : (1) HIES, BBS, SID
By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
Indicator : 10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Data Providers : (1) HIES, BBS, SID
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
Indicator : 10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
Data Providers : (1) CPHS, BBS, SID (2) UPR, MOFA
Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
Indicator : 10.4.1 Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers
Data Providers : (1) NAW, BBS, SID
Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
Indicator : 10.5.1 Financial Soundness Indicators
Data Providers : (1) BB, FID (2) FD
Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
Indicator : 10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
Data Providers : (1) FD (2) ERD
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
Indicator : 10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a percentage of yearly income earned in country of destination
Data Providers : (1) BMET, MoEWOE (2) BOESL, MoEWOE (3) Cost of Migration Survey, BBS, SID
Indicator : 10.7.2 Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies
Data Providers : (1) MoEWOE
Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
Indicator : 10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
Data Providers : (1) WTO Cell, MoC (2) UNSC
Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
Indicator : 10.b.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
Data Providers : (1) ERD (2) BIDA, PMO
By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
Indicator : 10.c.1 Remittance costs as a percentage of the amount remitted
Data Providers : (1) BB, FID
Facts and Figures
22%
In 2016, 22 percent of global income was received by the top 1 percent compared with 10 percent of income for the bottom 50 percent.
16%
In 1980, the top one percent had 16 percent of global income. The bottom 50 percent had 8 percent of income.
33%
Economic inequality is largely driven by the unequal ownership of capital. Since 1980, very large transfers of public to private wealth occurred in nearly all countries. The global wealth share of the top 1 percent was 33 percent in 2016.
39%
Under "business as usual", the top 1 percent global wealth will reach 39 percent by 2050.
2x
Women spend, on average, twice as much time on unpaid housework as men.
60%
Women have as much access to financial services as men in just 60 percent of the countries assessed and to land ownership in just 42 percent of the countries assessed.
